![]() ![]() If you have compted a Z-score you can find the probability of a Z-score less than that by using pnorm(Z). Keep in mind that the probabilities obtained from tables for the standard normal distribution or pnorm give the area (probability) to the left of that Z-score.Ĭomputing Probabilities from the Standard Normal Distribution pnorm( Z) The illustration below shows the probabilities that would be obtained for selected Z-scores. Once you have computed a Z-score, you can look up the probability in a table for the standard normal distribution or you can use the pnorm() function in R. Z scores above the mean are positive and Z scores below the mean are negative. The mean of the standard normal distribution is 0. Z Scores and the Standard Normal DistributionĪ Z score represents how many standard deviations an observation is away from the mean. ![]()
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